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State of Tennessee v. Joshua W. Chambers

TENNCRIMAPPMarch 26, 2020No. M2019-00694-CCA-R3-CD

Case Details

Judge(s)
Judge Robert L. Holloway, Jr.
Status
Published
Procedural Posture
Criminal appeal; trial court convicted defendant of second degree murder; appellate court found reversible error in jury instruction and remanded case

Related Laws

No specific laws identified for this ruling.

Outcome

Tennessee Court of Criminal Appeals found reversible error in the trial court's self-defense jury instruction, which violated State v. Perrier by requiring the jury rather than the trial court to determine if defendant was engaged in unlawful activity. Case remanded due to improper instruction.

Excerpt

On January 5, 2017, the Montgomery County Grand Jury indicted Defendant, Joshua W. Chambers, for first degree premeditated murder of the victim, Richard Gibeau, and employment of a firearm during the commission of a dangerous felony. Defendant claimed he killed the victim in self-defense. On May 24, 2018, a jury convicted Defendant of second degree murder. The jury did not reach a verdict on the firearm charge. On November 21, 2017, after the victim was killed but before Defendant's trial, the Tennessee Supreme Court issued State v. Perrier, holding "that the legislature intended the phrase 'not engaged in unlawful activity' in the self-defense statute [Tennessee Code Annotated section 39-11-611] to be a condition of the statutory privilege not to retreat when confronted with unlawful force and that the trial court should make the threshold determination of whether the defendant was engaged in unlawful activity when he used force in an alleged self-defense situation." 536 S.W.3d 388, 392 (Tenn. 2017). The trial court instructed the jury using Tennessee Pattern Instruction 40.06(b) as it existed before it was amended to comply with Perrier. The instruction given to the jury erroneously required the jury, rather than the trial court, to determine if Defendant was engaged in unlawful activity. On appeal, Defendant argues that the trial court erred by giving an improper jury instruction on self-defense. The State concedes error in the self-defense instruction but claims the error was harmless. Defendant also claims the trial court erred by granting the State's motion to amend the indictment on the day of trial, by permitting the admission of prejudicial evidence, by denying Defendant's Motion for Judgment of Acquittal and Motion for a New Trial, and by submitting an incorrect verdict form to the jury. After a thorough review of the record and applicable case law, we find that the trial court committed reversible error by improperly instructing the jury on self-defense.

What This Ruling Means

**What This Case Was About** Joshua Chambers was charged with murdering Richard Gibeau and using a firearm during the crime. Chambers claimed he killed Gibeau in self-defense. A jury convicted him of second-degree murder in 2018, though they couldn't agree on the firearm charge. **What the Court Decided** The Tennessee Court of Criminal Appeals overturned the conviction and sent the case back for a new trial. The appeals court found that the trial judge gave the jury incorrect instructions about self-defense. Under Tennessee law, the judge—not the jury—must decide whether a defendant was doing something unlawful when they claimed self-defense. The trial court violated this rule by letting the jury make that determination instead. **Why This Matters for Workers** While this is a criminal case rather than an employment dispute, it shows how important proper legal procedures are in any court case. For workers facing legal issues, this demonstrates that even when a jury reaches a verdict, appeals courts can overturn decisions if proper procedures weren't followed. It reminds workers that having knowledgeable legal representation matters, as procedural errors can sometimes provide grounds for appeal even after an unfavorable outcome.

This summary was generated to explain the ruling in plain English and is not legal advice.

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