Hosanna-Tabor Evangelical Lutheran Church & School v. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission

What Happened
A teacher at a Lutheran church school was fired after she threatened to sue the church over a disability-related employment dispute. The teacher had taken medical leave for narcolepsy, but when she tried to return to work, the school had already hired a replacement. When she threatened legal action, the school fired her for violating their religious belief that disputes should be resolved internally. The teacher filed complaints with federal agencies, claiming disability discrimination and retaliation.

What the Court Decided
The Supreme Court ruled unanimously in favor of the church. The Court established that the "ministerial exception" prevents government agencies from interfering when religious organizations hire or fire employees who perform important religious functions. Since the teacher led prayers, taught religion classes, and was considered a "called" minister by the church, her position qualified for this protection.

Why This Matters for Workers
This ruling significantly limits workplace discrimination protections for employees of religious organizations who perform ministerial duties. Workers in these roles cannot seek federal help for discrimination, harassment, or retaliation claims. However, the decision only affects employees with religious responsibilities—it doesn't impact janitors, secretaries, or other non-ministerial staff at religious institutions.